Mountains not emblematic vs Territories labeled: Logics of distinction (PnR, Grand Site of France and Geopark) and construction of the specificities in the mountains in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Since the 2000s, the quest for distinction has been favored by rural areas. It is carried out via labeling that involves values ​​around the notions of heritage, environment and sustainability. This phenomenon is particularly acute in Europe in all mountain areas. It is linked both to the context of exacerbated global competition between territories and to that of territorial recompositions which weaken the specificities that had been developed up to that point. The proposal is targeted on so-called mountain territories and distinguished by a PnR classification. That of the Morvan (created in 1970) will be particularly observed and comparatively that of the Massif des Bauges (created in 1995). The perspective of the thesis will be to question, on the two sites selected and in a period covering the 20th and 21st centuries, the springs and the modalities of the territorial distinction by successive classifications, recognitions and labelings. These territories have in fact been the subject of a distinction over the whole or part of their perimeter, in addition to that of Pnr, in the form of two labels, respectively "Grand Site de France" and " Geopark ". On the one hand, it will be a question of grasping over time how and by whom (identification of the actors) a certain representation of the originality of each of these territories has been constructed, and on the other hand to question how These superimpositions of distinctive marks articulate and contribute to a territorial qualification (analysis of the labeling devices and in particular their role in the designation of remarkable heritage and environmental resources). In order to better understand the modalities of singularization of an average mountain, it will be a question of focusing on the characterization of the qualitative bases (heritage, environmental, social, cultural ...) "Non-emblematic".